US High School Psychology Practice Exam

Which individuals are most often regarded as the "founding fathers" of modern psychology?

1. William James and Sigmund Freud

2. Wilhelm Wundt and Carl Rogers

3. William James and Wilhelm Wundt

4. Sigmund Freud and Abraham Maslow

The correct answer is: William James and Wilhelm Wundt

The recognition of William James and Wilhelm Wundt as foundational figures in modern psychology stems from their critical contributions to the establishment and development of the discipline. Wilhelm Wundt is often referred to as the "father of experimental psychology" due to his role in founding the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig in 1879, which marked a significant shift toward the scientific study of the mind and behavior. His work focused on structuralism, which aimed to break down mental processes into their most basic components. William James is recognized for his development of functionalism, which emphasized the purpose of mental processes in adapting to the environment. His influential book, "The Principles of Psychology," published in 1890, helped to popularize psychology in America and highlighted the importance of considering how mental processes function in everyday life. While other individuals like Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers made significant contributions, especially in areas like psychoanalysis and humanistic psychology, it is Wundt and James’s foundational work in establishing psychology as a distinct scientific field that solidifies their status as the "founding fathers" of modern psychology.