US High School Psychology Practice Exam

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Which category do psychoactive drugs that slow down mental and physical activity belong to?

Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Opioids
Depressants

The correct answer is: Depressants

Psychoactive drugs that slow down mental and physical activity are categorized as depressants. This group of substances functions primarily by dampening the central nervous system, leading to decreased heart rate, reduced biological function, and a general calming effect on mood and mental processes. Common examples of depressants include alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines, which are often used to alleviate anxiety or induce sleep. In contrast, stimulants increase mental and physical activity, promoting heightened alertness and energy levels. Hallucinogens, on the other hand, cause significant alterations in perception, thought, and mood, leading to experiences that are often dreamlike or distorted. Opioids are primarily known for their pain-relieving properties and can also have sedative effects, but they are not classified under depressants in the broader sense. Therefore, the clear distinction lies in the primary function of depressants to inhibit and slow down, as opposed to the effects of the other categories.