US High School Psychology Practice Exam

What factor can enhance the likelihood of encoding information into long-term memory?

1. Repetition and rehearsal

2. Proximity to other stimuli

3. Distraction and multitasking

4. Passive observation

The correct answer is: Repetition and rehearsal

Repetition and rehearsal are critical factors that enhance the likelihood of encoding information into long-term memory. Engaging in these activities helps consolidate information by repeatedly reviewing or practicing the material, which strengthens the neural connections associated with that information. When information is actively rehearse, it becomes more familiar, leading to greater retention and recall later on. The process of encoding involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored and remembered. Repetition allows for deeper processing, enabling the brain to transition information from short-term to long-term memory. This is particularly effective when combined with techniques such as spaced repetition, where the information is reviewed at increasing intervals, promoting long-lasting memory retention. In contrast, proximity to other stimuli can influence memory, but without deliberate repetition, it may not be effective at encoding specific information. Distraction and multitasking generally hinder memory processes rather than enhance them, as they divide attention and reduce the effectiveness of the encoding process. Passive observation may also lead to minimal retention because without active engagement, information is likely to fade from memory quickly. Thus, repetition and rehearsal stand out as the most effective approach for enhancing long-term memory encoding.